Retraction and correction policies are implemented when the reliability of a published article is called into question due to significant errors or ethical concerns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Should authors wish to withdraw their submission, they are required to submit a written application to the Editor, explaining the reasons for their decision. Authors should wait for the Editor’s reply before submitting the manuscript to another journal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
An article may be retracted if it is found to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Contain major errors (e.g., miscalculations, methodological flaws) that render its findings unreliable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Include plagiarism, falsified data, or image manipulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Be redundantly published or violate copyright laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Have undisclosed conflicts of interest that impact the study\u2019s validity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
If retraction is necessary, the journal will issue a formal retraction notice, which includes the article\u2019s title, author(s), and the reason for retraction. This notice will remain publicly accessible and linked to the original DOI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
If an article contains errors that do not compromise its main conclusions, a correction notice may be issued instead of a retraction. This notice will remain publicly accessible and linked to the original DOI. Examples of correctable errors include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Minor miscalculations that do not affect the study\u2019s core findings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Formatting or typographical mistakes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Incorrect author affiliations or funding disclosures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The editorial board reviews the case and consults independent experts if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The authors are informed and given an opportunity to respond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n